ECOLOGY

by Purwaning Rohmah/BIO off A 2015 UM

HYRARCHI OF ECOLOGY

1.    Organismal Ecology (Ekologi Organismal)

Organismal ecology which includes the sub-discipline ecological physiology, evolutionary ecology and behavioral ecology, studying how are the structure, physiology, and (for animal) the behavior of organisms to fulfill challenges from environment.

Example: How do hammerhead sharks choose partner to mate?

2.    Population Ecology (Ekologi Populasi)

The population is a group of individuals from same species live in the region. Population ecology analyzes the factors that influence population size also how and why populations change over time.

Example: What are the environmental factors that affect reproductive rate of deer?

3.    Community Ecology (Ekologi Komunitas)

Community is a group of population from some numbers of different species in a region. Community ecology examines how interspecific interactions (antar spesies), such as predation and competition, affect the structure and organization of the community.

Example: What are factors that affect the diversity of species in the rainforest?

4.    Ecosystems Ecology (Ekologi Ekosistem)

An ecosystem is a community of organisms in a region along the physical factors that interact with these organisms. Ecosystem ecology emphasis on energy flow and chemical cycles between organisms and environment.

Example: What factors control the photosynthetic productivity in the savana?

5.    Natural Escape Ecology (Ekologi Bentang Alam)

The landscape or seascape is a mosaic of ecosystems that are interrelated. Research in landscape ecology focuses on the factors that control the exchange of energy, materials, and organisms in various ecosystems.

Example: How far do the trees makes straight line along the edge of river plays role as corridor of animal distribution?

6.    Global Ecology (Ekologi Global)

The biosphere is the global ecosystem—total of all ecosystems and landscapes in the planet. Global ecology examines how regional energy exchange and materials affect the function and distribution of organisms throughout all biosphere.

Example: How is the circulation of ocean affects crustacea’s distribution globally?

Summary: Hyrarchi of Ecology

Source:

Campbell, Neil A., Jane B. Reece. 2008. Biology: Eighth Edition. Terjemahan Damaring Tyas Wulandari. 2010. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.