ECOLOGY

by Purwaning Rohmah/BIO off A 2015 UM

TEORI HUTCHINSON - RELUNG MULTIDIMENSI (HIPERVOLUME)

Hutchinson (1958) stated that the niche is a range of various physical and chemical variables and the role of biotics that can allow a species survive and grow in a community. This is called as multidimensional niches (hipervolume). Agrees with the definition of this niche, then Kendeigh (1980) stated that the ecological niche is a special combination of physico chemical factors (microhabitat) with regard biotic (roles) needed by a species to live activities and continuous existence in the community. In other words, it can be stated that multidimensional niches is combination between habitat niches and tropical niches.

Two organismics can have same niche.  Niche overlap occurs when two organismic units use the same resources or other environmental variables. In Hutchinson's terminology, each n-dimensional hypervolume includes part of the other, or some points in the two sets that constitute their realized niches are identical. Overlap is complete when two organismic units have identical niches; there is no overlap if two niches are completely disparate. Usually, niches overlap only partially, with some resources being shared and others being used exclusively by each organismic unit.

Hutchinson assum that the environment is fully saturated and that niche overlap cannot be tolerated for any period of time; hence, competitive exclusion must occur in the overlapping parts of any two niches.

Sumber:

Kendeigh, S.C. 1980. Ecology with Special Reference to Animal and Man. Departement of Zoological Univercity of Illinoist at Urbana-Champaign. New Delhi: Pretince-Hall of India Private Limited.